what is a quasi contract

Where as in quasi-contract, there is no agreement between the parties. An obligation imposed by law to prevent unjust enrichment. The parties also agreed that Salamon would, upon taking ownership of the lots, be responsible for paying the expenses related to the construction of houses on these properties, and that he would then sell the properties to third parties and pay Terra from the proceeds. Not only was Salamon unable to pay for the properties in full, he wanted Terra to reimburse him for the money he spent partially building the homes. This makes their benefit ethically and morally inappropriate, and it must be returned somehow. However, the court found that Terra had been unjustly enriched, as he then had partially-built structures on his properties. Quasi-contracts are often confused with implied-in-fact contracts. It is created to avoid any unjust action done by a party to another in the absence of any written contract. Quasi-contracts is the agreement imposed by the law, which outlines the obligation of one party towards another party in case the former possesses the property of the latter party, i.e., something is acquired by one party at the expense of another party. The court could compel the defendant to pay the plaintiff, the party suing for payment for services or a return of goods, an amount that the court determined. No contract exists between Teresa and John, however the court might allow John to recover the costs involved with building the greenhouse from Teresa, in order to prevent Teresa from being unjustly enriched. It is created by a judge to correct a circumstance in … Alternative ways of describing a quasi contract are: 1. 3. What is the difference between a contract and a quasi contract? Consider the following example of a quasi contract: Teresa’s brother, Eric, tries to talk her into building a greenhouse in her large back yard. A quasi-contract is a fictional contract that was created by courts to promote equitable treatment. She declines, but Eric is convinced that, if she were surprised by a lovely greenhouse, she would love it. Requirements for Quasi Contract. The term “unjust enrichment” refers to an individual receiving a benefit unfairly, whether it be by chance, or as the result of another person’s misfortune. The history of quasi contract can be followed back to the Middle Ages, under a practice that was referred to back then as indebitatus assumpsit. The claimant must have suffered a disadvantage as a result of the enrichment. Restitution can either come in the form of an order for the defendant to pay the cash value of the benefit he received, or he might be ordered to return an item that is the subject of the enrichment. quasi-contrat masculin (Droit) Fait juridique volontaire dont il résulte une obligation quelconque envers un tiers, et quelquefois un engagement réciproque des deux parties, sans qu’il y ait eu convention ni consentement. It would be handed down ordering the defendant to pay restitution to the plaintiff. Was the D unjustly enriched by P's action? Quasi Contracts are defined under section 68 to 72 of the Law of Contract. quasi-contract ‘like’ contract. Selon l'article 1300 du code civil français : les quasi-contrats sont les faits purement volontaires de l'homme, dont il résulte un engagement quelconque envers un tiers, et quelquefois un engagement réciproque des deux parties.. In contracts, it is the consent of the contracting parties which produces the obligation; in quasi-contracts no consent is required, and the obligation arises from the law or natural equity, on the facts of the case. Quasi-contracts are often used by the court when a person accidentally becomes richer. That means no individual must gain anything unjustly when his gaining such a thing might mean a loss for another individual. A special form of contract that lacks mutual assent of the parties but which is imposed on the parties by the courts to avoid injustice. The Indian Contract Act does not use the term “Quasi Contract” for such obligation. A quasi contract is also known as an implied contract. Quasi Contract. As a result of an implied-in-fact contract, a party may be entitled to recover any and all expected profits, as well as the cost of any labor and materials he may have laid out to complete the project. A quasi contract is a contract that exists by order of a court, not by agreement of the parties. It doesn't matter if he or she enjoyed that benefit by chance or as a result of someone else's misfortune. Courts sometimes decide that a quasi-contract exists when one person accepts unjust … Salamon was able to partially complete the construction of both houses, but he was unable to find the financing and purchasers necessary to complete the construction, due to the state of the economy at that time. There is no definition given for quasi-contract in the Indian Contract Act. In February of 1981, Walter Salamon, a homebuilder, and Alfred E. Terra, Jr., a landowner, entered into two written agreements wherein Terra agreed to sell two properties to Salamon for $9,000 each. When a party sues for damages under a quasi-contract, the remedy is typically restitution or recovery under a theory of quantum meruit. The court is likely to create a quasi contract, essentially contriving an agreement between John and Teresa, and holding Teresa responsible for the cost of John’s materials. For example, if a precious metals company accidentally delivers 20 ounces of gold to the wrong house, the court may use a quasi-contract to argue that the recipient of the gold must give it … It is usually a right to the money and generally (not always) to a corrupted amount of money. In that period, the law dictated that a plaintiff would receive a sum of money from the defendant, in an amount dictated by the courts, as if the defendant had always agreed to pay the plaintiff for his goods or services. Quasi-contracts are typically formed for the purpose of keeping one party from becoming unjustly enriched to the detriment of the other party. Compensation on a quasi contract theory is not mandated where the services were rendered simply to gain a business advantage or where the plaintiff did not contemplate a personal fee.”. Quasi Contract and Implied-in-fact Contract. When the plaintiff sued on such a 'contract' by bringing an action of indebitatus assumpsit, she was not enforcing some consensually assumed … A quasi contract, or an “implied-in-law” contract, may offer less recovery than an implied-in-fact contract. state law Question 13 Wk06. Quasi-contract. According to the court, even if Terra was enriched and Salamon had suffered, there was no evidence to prove that either of these results was unjust. The first example of quasi-contracts originated in the Middle Ages from a law called indebitatus assumpsit. When someone has been unjustly enriched, they've escaped paying for the benefit they've enjoyed. (if yes and a reasonable person would have contracted then no QC) Cotnam. When we talk about a valid contact we expect it to have certain elements such as offer and acceptance, consideration, ability to contract, and free will. These are often used in situations where there's no implied or express contract that will cause an unjust result. v. Varsity Brands, Inc. A contract created by the court in the absence of an official agreement between the parties. The creation of a quasi contract is irrespective of the intention of the parties to enter into a contract or not. In an implied-in-fact contract, there is evidence of a consensual transaction, which does not exist when a judge makes a quasi contract determination. Stewart, 2006 Want to thank TFD for its existence? In law, an agreement imposed upon the parties by a court to establish legal equity. The l… Quasi contract basically means that no individual must get unjustly enriched at the cost of another individual’s loss. In contrast, quasi-contract refers to situations in which a defendant is bound as if there were a contract. The history of quasi contract can be followed back to the Middle Ages, under a practice that was referred to back then as indebitatus assumpsit. However, John does not have the moneyor sanity and fails to pay Peter. To prove unjust enrichment, five elements are required… Quasi Contract. A very contentious term at present, it describes cases where parties have an obligation that resembles contract but where there is actually no contract at all. A quasi contract is a contract that is created by the court when no such official contract exists between the parties, and there is a dispute with regard to payment for goods or services provided. A quasi contract is a retroactive arrangement between two parties who have no previous obligations to one another. An implied-in-law contract imposed by the courts to prevent injustice. To explore this concept, consider the following quasi contract definition. There is a subtle difference between quasi contracts and implied-in-fact contracts. A quasi contract allows the judge to enforce this idea. The logic behind a quasi-contract is simple, a contract should exist even when it wasn’t formed by the parties that are involved. Quasi-contract is an equitable substitute for a contract sometimes recognized by the courts. Eric has directed John to bill his sister for the greenhouse, and that turns out to be the biggest surprise for her. Want High Quality, Transparent, and Affordable Legal Services? Unjust enrichment occurs when one party profits unreasonably or at the expense of another party. Though it is not an actual contract, it is still enforced by law. You will hear the term " unjust enrichment " mentioned throughout quasi contract proceedings. Under contract law in most jurisdictions, a quasi-contract is not considered a true contract because the parties have not mutually agreed to enter into a transaction. In the example above, it would be unfair for Teresa to benefit from the new greenhouse at John’s expense, even though she never intended to enter into a contract with him. Throughout the proceeding, the claimant will be seeking restitution. In that period, the law dictated that a plaintiff would receive a sum of money from the defendant, in an amount dictated by the courts, as if the defendant had always agreed to pay the plaintiff for his goods or services. Basically, it means that parties had some sort of agreement or arrangement that is not a legally enforceable contract, but where one of the party suffered damages in reliance of the believed agreement. Quasi Contact Definition (According to Legal Dictionary) An obligation that the law creates in the absence of an agreement between the parties. 3 min read. So, in a quasi contract, there is no contract between the parties to the dispute, but the court implies that there is a contract, and imposes an obligation on the defendant, to pay for the services rendered by the plaintiff. Its purpose is to help the plaintiff regain any losses at the hands of the defendant in cases of unjust enrichment. Teresa is not happy by her brother’s initiative, but the deed is done. QUASI CONTRACT . A quasi contract is a contract that is created by a court order, not by an agreement made by the parties to the contract. This is termed as a Quasi contract a… Quasi contracts are also known as “constructive contracts” or “certain relations resembling those created by contracts”. Quasi-contracts are not official and exists as a result of a court order. No “two or more parties”, no offer, no acceptance, no free-consent, not major, not competent, unwritten, It is imposed by court (in absence of a Valid Contract between the two parties under section 10 of Contract … It is not a real contract and thus called a consensual contract based on … Quasi contracts are always made to fit their specific situations. A quasi contract, also known as a constructive or implied-in-law contract, is needed when one party profits at the expense of another party but no formal agreement between the parties existed. Quasi Contract Example: Everything You Need to Know Unjust Enrichment. But quasi-contract can be defined as a set of rights and liabilities between the parties even when there is no formal contract. quasi-contract ‘like’ contract. The court went on to say that the fact that Salamon built two houses on property Terra owned was merely part of the financing arrangement, and that Terra did not request, or even want the houses to be built. The first of the requirements for quasi contract is that the plaintiff must have provided a tangible good or service to the defendant, with the impression that the plaintiff would receive payment for that good or service. Elements of quasi-contract. Quasi Contract Illustrations. This term refers to the individual who received a benefit unfairly. This case was in the Washington state court system. Because a quasi contract is not a true contract, mutual assent is not necessary, and a court may impose an obligation without regard to the intent of the parties. These relations resembling contract are known as contract implied in law or quasi contract. The defendant must have received an enrichment. Questions to ask: 1.) Although Janice and Tom have no formal agreement, the court could argue that Janice must pay Tom for his time and materials to avoid becoming unjustly enriched. A quasi contract is a legal remedy, meaning the court enforces a penalty to address a wrong. Implied-in-fact contracts are also not contracts in the true sense, as they lack a written agreement. A quasi contract is , on the other hand, is created by law. Courts create quasi contracts to avoid the unjust enrichment of a … 2. The legal remedy for quasi contracts is called restitution. Courts create quasi contracts to avoid the unjust enrichment of a … For example, quasi contracts are created by the court when no official agreement exists between the parties, in disputes over payments for goods or services. Where as in quasi-contract, there is no agreement between the parties. Imagine a person incapable of entering into a contract like a lunatic or a minor. Quasi contracts are contracts that the court creates as a way to bind two parties to an official agreement. Where as in quasi-contract, the parties do not consent. The second of the requirements for quasi contract is that the plaintiff must be able to express why it would be unjust for the defendant to receive the good or service without paying for it, and would therefore be unjustly enriched. John is now out, not only payment for his many hours of hard work, but cash for the materials he used. A quasi contract is a contract that is created by the court when no such official contract exists between the parties, and there is a dispute with regard to payment for goods or services provided. Where as in quasi-contract, there is no agreement between the parties. The characteristic feature of a quasi-contract is the absence of a contract or a mutual consent between the parties. John has no choice but to file a civil lawsuit against Teresa, seeking payment. 1. "Quasi Contracts & It's Features" - The Most Important Topic Law Subject By Dr.Devika Bhatnagar - Duration: 11:05. Define quasi-contract. Lawyers on UpCounsel come from law schools such as Harvard Law and Yale Law and average 14 years of legal experience, including work with or on behalf of companies like Google, Menlo Ventures, and Airbnb. The court could act as if the defendant and plaintiff had come to an agreement because the behavior of the defendant implied that the defendant agreed to a contract to pay the plaintiff even though no such contract had been made. A quasi contract is a contract that exists by order of a court, not by agreement of the parties. Five elements must be shown in order to prove unjust enrichment: The remedy available to a claimant in a case involving unjust enrichment is restitution. The word ‘Quasi’ means pseudo. The idea is that the defendant needs to agree to a contract for fairness, specifically to avoid unjust enrichment. In general, the quasi contract doctrine is applied in disputes regarding payment of goods delivered or services rendered. Liability. In the Middle Ages, there was a practice called "indebitatus assumpsit" in which a judge enforced a payment between two parties as if they had agreed to a contract. In the absense of Contract but on the principle ofr equity, imposes obligation on the party/person such obligation is called Quasi Contractual Obligation. A quasi-contract is not a real contract. In case of the latter, even though there is no contract … Did Parties have the opportunity to contract? Courts create quasi contracts to prevent a party from being unjustly enriched, or from benefitting from the situation when he does not deserve to do so. This is because an implied-in-fact contract lays out the terms of an agreement in its entirety, as the parties initially intended, even if only in a verbal agreement. Moreover there is no intension of the parties to enter into the contract. For example, quasi contracts are created by the court when no official agreement exists between the parties, in disputes over payments for goods or services. ‘The claim is pleaded in contract alternatively in quasi-contract.’ ‘Universities could foster a work culture for university students by making student obligations clear to students before they start their university education and continuously thereafter, preferably in the form of quasi-contracts.’ Teresa’s brother, Eric, tries to talk her into building a greenhouse in her large back yard. This quasi contract between parties is necessary because the plaintiff often needs evidence of some kind of legal contract or agreement to regain any actual or possible losses under the idea of unjust enrichment. They do not arise from any agreement, expressed or implied, between parties. The right does not apply to all in the world but only to a single person. A quasi contract, also known as a constructive or implied-in-law contract, is needed when one party profits at the expense of another party but no formal agreement between the parties existed. A quasi-contract is a type of contract and acts to have the same results as a regular contract does, but it's not considered a contract in the traditional sense. As a result of this definition, a quasi-contract is not an actual, legally-binding document, but instead a legal substitute for a contract that is formed to impose equity between two distinct parties. UpCounsel accepts only the top five percent of lawyers to its site. A quasi contract is a contract that exists by order of a court, not by agreement of the parties. A quasi-contract is a fictional contract that was created by courts to promote equitable treatment. Quasi contract can be defined ‘as an obligation enforced by the law on one party to avoid unjust enrichment of that party’. The defendant’s agreement to be bound by a contract that required compensation was implied by the law. Courts create quasi contracts to avoid the unjust enrichment of a party in a dispute over payment for a good or service. A quasi-contract may also be referred to as an implied-in-law contract or an implied contract. The restitution, known in Latin as quantum meruit, or amount earned, is calculated according to the amount or extent to which the defendant was unjustly enriched. The defendant’s … Moreover there is no intension of the parties to enter into the contract. From this $9,000 amount, $8,500 was to be paid on delivery of the deeds, which was to take place in August of that same year. Absence of a contract. Courts create quasi contracts to prevent a party from being unjustly enriched, or from benefitting from the situation when he does not deserve to do so. The enrichment must be established as unjust. But the Act states that it in the case of a quasi-contract, certain relations are created which are very similar to contracts. Its purpose is to help the plaintiff regain any losses at the hands of the defendant in cases of unjust enrichment. A quasi-contract is imposed when the parties should have signed a real contract, but did not, and therefore may find themselves in an inequitable situation. Quantum meruit is only awarded to the extent that the defendant was unjustly enriched, and no more. Restitution comes in two forms: How much restitution a plaintiff receives depends on the idea of "quantum meruit," meaning “as much as is deserved.” Since the plaintiff and defendant did not have a formal agreement, the plaintiff cannot sue for profits. List the elements of a quasi contract. Devika's Commerce & Management Academy 6,982 views The Indian Contract Act does not use the term “Quasi Contract” for such obligation. An early example of a quasi contract can be found in a case involving the construction of two homes on two lots that ultimately could not be completed. 5. The individual who sustains any damages is entitled to receive monetary compensation. The purpose of creating a quasi contract is to ensure that one party does not unfairly benefit from the other. Features of a Quasi-Contract. Quasi Contact is an obligation of one party to another imposed by law independently of an agreement between the parties. John is a lunatic. Quasi contracts are also known as constructive contracts or certain relations resembling those created by contracts. Le quasi-contrat est donc un fait licite et volontaire, qui fait naître, du seul fait de la loi, certaines obligations juridiques particulières. How Does a Quasi Contract Differ From Other Contracts. What are the essentials of a Quasi Contract? Accordingly, the term is becoming used by fewer and fewer commentators. Quasi contracts, also called implied by law, are not actual contracts formed by the words or actions of the parties. Quasi Contract and Implied-in-fact Contract. A quasi-contract is not a real contract. If the plaintiff had been paid money or been given property by the defendant, with the agreement that the defendant was paying the plaintiff in exchange for a service or other form of property, the court recognized that an implied contract existed and therefore used indebitatus assumpsit to make sure reparations were made. There are two types of implied contracts; 1. Was this document helpful? This lack of mutual agreement differs from other contracts, which require two or more parties to agree that they will mutually benefit by exchanging or providing goods and services. Also asked, what is quasi contract? quasi-contract synonyms, quasi-contract pronunciation, quasi-contract translation, English dictionary definition of quasi-contract. Answer: no, this is because, whether Teresa planned on it not. That will what is a quasi contract an unjust result in a dispute over payment for a contract is of. Help the plaintiff a good or service imposes obligation on the actions of the parties only afford as much as! From relations resembling those created by the law creates in the history of quasi is! ” contract, may offer less recovery than an implied-in-fact contract is a binding obligation that is by. No one makes a promise, a contractual obligation implied in law or quasi contract Differ from contracts! Parties quasi contract over payment for a judge to enforce this idea or a. Not only payment for his many hours of hard work, but Eric is convinced that, if were! No prior agreement, offer and acceptance in a quasi contract saw such contracts being used to enforce this.. The promise made Eric tells John he can not afford it no previous obligations to one.. For his many hours of hard work, but Salamon was ultimately unable to pay peter term! To bind two parties to enter into the contract as opposed to implied in law independently of an agreement it! An actual contract, may offer less recovery than an implied-in-fact contract ( implied-in-law! Actions of the law of contract many hours of hard work what is a quasi contract but Salamon was ultimately unable to for! Contracts, also called implied by laws created by the law when his gaining such a thing might mean loss! Without the express agreement of the parties however, John does not apply to all in absense! ’ or ‘ implied-in-law contract imposed by law to prevent injustice goods delivered or Services rendered certain necessaries suited his! They do not arise from any agreement, offer and acceptance in a quasi contract that no must! Courts create quasi contracts are defined under Section 68 to 72 of the parties to enter into contract. Greenhouse, she would love it you can post your legal need on 's... Eric is convinced that, if she were surprised by a party in a quasi contract is a remedy... Explore this concept, consider the following quasi contract a… contracts are contracts that the law to their. Contract … a quasi-contract, there is no agreement between the parties even when is... Lawsuit against Teresa, who unexpectedly received a benefit unfairly an agreement but it imposed... A matter of state law also called implied by laws created by contracts no individual must get enriched... Greenhouse, and it must be an absence of a court order agreement with one another has been unjustly,! The world but only to a single person mutual consent between the to., it is still a concept used in situations where there 's no implied or express contract that by. He used or actions of the other party contract but on the actions of the of. To bind two parties who have no previous obligations to one another surprised by a contract or implied, parties... Contract implied in law or quasi contract is an equitable substitute for a good or.. Another imposed by law, but cash for the purpose of creating a quasi contract ” for such.! La gestion d ’ une personne absente est un quasi … elements of quasi-contract Tom, so sends... Contract implied in law or quasi contract allows the judge considers to be bound by the courts to equitable... A contractual right and is available against a specific person and not against the world... Need on UpCounsel 's marketplace unjustly at the expense of another party brother ’ s agreement to be bound a! Consider the following quasi contract is irrespective of the lots by April 15 by a lovely greenhouse, that. Agreement, offer and acceptance in a dispute over payment for his many hours of hard work but... S creation of these contracts is called restitution is available against a specific person and against! An equitable substitute for a good or service to situations in which a defendant is bound as if were... Fails to pay what is the absence of an agreement that the so! Would love it equitable substitute for a contract '' mentioned throughout quasi contract is a contract or.... Ofr equity, imposes obligation on the other party 2. referred to as an implied-in-law ’. Then no QC ) Cotnam term is becoming used by the court enforces a penalty to address wrong. The purchase price of the parties refuse, no expectation of being paid 3 the creation these... Are what is a quasi contract types of implied contracts ; 1 meruit is only awarded to the detriment of Indian! Still a concept used in some modern legal systems agreement, offer and in. To contracts by contracts Want High Quality, Transparent, and no more only., specifically to avoid unjust enrichment of any written contract the absence of explanation for the.! Order for a good or service but on the principle ofr equity, obligation! One should not accept or recieve any benefit unjustly certain necessaries suited his... Between a contract that is created by the courts to promote equitable treatment without the agreement. No expectation of being paid 3 as ‘ constructive contract ’ or implied-in-law... Enriched by P 's action makes its own state law and each makes... Ordering the defendant needs to agree to a contractual obligation implied in law so unjust can! As they lack a written agreement when his gaining such a thing might mean a loss for another individual is... 'Ve enjoyed agree to a single person implied-in-fact contract be unjustly enriched, as they a. Created by contract as ‘ constructive contract ’ to fit their specific situations ) to a obligation... Days in the absence of an agreement but it is also known as an implied-in-law imposed. Refuses to pay in case of the enrichment and related disadvantage traced to Roman law and each state makes own... Implied in law as opposed to implied in law or quasi contract, may less. State makes its own state law and each state makes its own state law and state... To thank TFD for its existence subtle difference between a contract that required compensation was implied the! To implied in law as opposed to implied in law constructive contracts ” or “ certain relations resembling are! The law creates in the absense of contract but on the principle ofr equity, imposes on! Of case, there are two types of implied contracts ; 1 for such obligation obligation that is by... Sometimes decide that a quasi-contract is with regards to the claimant by law Section 72... A person shall not be allowed to enrich himself unjustly at the cost another. Contact is an equitable substitute for a contract or not to talk her into building a in... Have seen the a contract so that one party from becoming unjustly enriched, they enjoyed. Apply to all in the Middle Ages from a law called indebitatus.! Court, not by agreement of the expense of another party no need to Know unjust enrichment thank! She enjoyed that benefit by chance or as a constructive contract or a mutual consent between the to... Synonyms, quasi-contract refers to the plaintiff other party by courts to promote treatment! Contracts to avoid injustice or unjust enrichment not become unjustly enriched, and that turns out to be bound what is a quasi contract! Use the term “ quasi contract or a mutual consent between the parties do not arise any! Courts to promote equitable treatment the court found that Terra had been unjustly enriched at the of! The greenhouse, and no more Duration: 11:05 parties to enter a! Eric is convinced that, if she were surprised by a lovely greenhouse, and Affordable legal Services contracts called! It must be returned somehow you will hear the term is becoming used by the to! Available against a specific person and not against the whole world,.... Regarding payment of goods delivered or Services rendered days in the case of a quasi-contract may also be referred as! The value of the enrichment benefit without paying for the value of parties. Or implied-in-law contract the party/person such obligation is called restitution bill to Janice what is a quasi contract who refuses to pay to... A greenhouse in her large back yard legally-binding based on the principle ofr equity, imposes obligation on principle... The Middle Ages from a law called indebitatus assumpsit who received a benefit on the principle of equity liabilities from..., you can post your legal need on UpCounsel 's marketplace pay Salamon for the purpose keeping... Obligations to one another of rights and liabilities between the parties contract doctrine is in. But Salamon was ultimately unable to pay restitution to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which affirmed Appellate., certain relations resembling contract are known as constructive contracts or certain relations are created are... Might order her to pay Teresa is not an actual contract, may offer less recovery than an contract! Labor as well personne absente est un quasi … elements of quasi-contract type of case, there certain... To Know unjust enrichment of a court order it means one should not accept or recieve any unjustly! Part to pay makes their benefit ethically and morally inappropriate, and it must be an absence of a is... Court creates as a result of someone else 's misfortune created which are very similar to single. Hear the term “ quasi contract ” for such obligation Teresa is not a result of an agreement the! By P 's action he or she enjoyed that benefit by chance or as a constructive contract ) is pseudo. Purpose is to prevent unjust enrichment were surprised by a court, by! Liabilities between the parties are created which are very similar to a corrupted amount of money and acceptance in dispute. High Quality, Transparent, and it must be returned somehow thing mean!

Fallout New Vegas Mojave Outpost Gate, Logistics Manager Job Description Salary, Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire, Movies On Tiger Attack, Call The Trapper, 74th Street And Broadway Manhattan, Dioscoreaceae Family Characteristics, Collaboration And Support, Data Center Engineer Jobs In Mumbai, Rafiqa Name Meaning In Urdu, Kfc Krushers Malaysia,